Potential Renewable Energy Aiming at the Sustainable Development in Vietnam

Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas meet most of the energy needs of people, but fossil fuels are unsustainable. The use of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of climate change and it has a serious impact on human health. In addition, these fuels are depleting, so the research and use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, geothermal or biomass is a necessity. In this paper, we mention some of the main reasons for promoting the development of renewable energy, the potential and the reality of renewable energy exploitation in Vietnam. In addition, we also outline the main reasons that hinder the development and exploitation of renewable energy sources in Vietnam.


I. INTRODUCTION
In modern life, the quality of human life depends very much on the sources of energy, so the exploitation and use of energy are of particular concern.Traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels, hydropower, and nuclear power have largely met the needs of nations, but the use of these sources of energy has some drawbacks.Non-renewable fossil fuels and at the current pace of use, scientists predict that in about 70 years the fuel will be exhausted.The search for oil fields could lead to prolonged wars, the Gulf War in the 1990s as an example.For hydroelectricity, almost all favorable locations have been built hydropower plants.It is very difficult to build smaller hydropower plants in remote areas, and the construction of hydropower dams can affect the environment.China's large hydropower dams built on the Lan Thuong River (the headwaters of the Mekong River) have dramatically altered the flood-drought cycle of the lower Mekong, reducing the amount of water and Nutrients flow into river basins and coastal areas, which directly affect the lives of millions of people downstream [1].Nuclear power plants are potentially dangerous, the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine in 1986 or the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011 are examples.
For the above reasons, we find it indispensable to supplement and replace traditional energy sources with safe and renewable energy sources.Many countries have paid special attention to this area, in Sweden, Denmark, Austria, France, in 2014 used renewable energy (RE) accounted for about 13.4% of total energy consumption.Vietnam is one of the countries with great potential for renewable energy development such as hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy ...However, the exploitation and use of renewable energy very limited [2].
The world's electricity industry, which is largely based on thermal and hydroelectric technologies, has brought humanity to the civilization of electricity but has also exposed its downside to the Earth's environment.With the burning of fossil fuels (coal, heavy oil), thermal power plants have become the largest source of greenhouse gases for global climate change.Nuclear power technology is unsafe and causes radioactive dangers such as Checnobun (1986), Fukushima (2011) and long-term economic, social and environmental harm to the world [3].
The 21st century with sustainable global development strategies, especially the period of "green economy development", has begun to see new technologies to produce "cleaner" electricity, including electricity from endless renewable energy sources in nature or always arise in human life [4].These are the technologies that produce electricity from renewable energy sources in nature: wind; waves, tides; Sun; geothermal and marine heat.In particular, commercialization on a large scale is the wind power station (located on land, island or sea), solar power station, tidal power station and waves, sea heat.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2017, the total capacity of renewable energy sources worldwide was 560 GW (excluding large hydro), accounting for 4% of the total capacity of power plants, equivalent to one fifth of the total capacity of nuclear power plants in the world, with developing countries accounting for 44%, or 70 GW [5].The fastest growing renewable energy technology in the world is solar electricity connected to the national grid, with an average annual growth rate of 60 percent, covering more than 400,000 homes in Japan, Germany, USA (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) [6].The second fastest growing source of wind power is the 28% annual increase.Currently, wind farms with a capacity of hundreds of MW have been completed in the UK, Denmark and many other countries such as USA, Japan, China, and Vietnam.
There are 45 countries (2014) identifying renewable energy development targets for the coming years, including 25 EU countries, many states, and cities of the United States, Canada, and 10 developing countries.Most growth targets are 5-30% in the period from 2010 to 2020, with the EU alone accounting for 21% by 2014.China aims to reach 10% of total capacity by 2014, equivalent to 60 GW now 37 GW) [3].The first tidal power plant Rance (France), in 1967 with a capacity of 240 MW, Sihwa (South Korea), 2011 with 254 MW.New Zealand is also building a 200 MW renewable power plant, in addition to other projects in the UK, Russia, USA, Canada and China [7].At present, Vietnam's economic growth has led to a 15-20% increase in Potential Renewable Energy Aiming at the Sustainable

Development in Vietnam
Van Huong Dong electricity demand, while the price of oil, coal, and gas has increased, diversification of power supply, of which renewable energy sources are needed.
Fig. 1.Using renewable energy in the world by 2017 [4] In this article, we discuss the main causes of renewable energy development, potential, exploitation situation and the main causes that restrict the development of renewable energy in our country.

A. Climate change
Global climate change is increasingly serious.The most manifestation is the warming of the earth, the melting ice, rising sea levels; These are unusual weather phenomena, typhoons, floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, droughts, and longlasting cold weather ... leading to a shortage of food and foodstuffs.... Vietnam is a coastal country should be directly affected by the phenomenon of sea level rise.Objective causes of climate change are changes in atmospheric radiation, including processes such as changing solar radiation, orbital deflection of the Earth, tectonic formation, tectonic continental drift and change in greenhouse gas concentrations.The main cause of climate change, however, is a human impact, which is the increase in atmospheric CO2 from fossil fuel exploitation and use [5].Meanwhile, most renewable energy-related activities include production, installation, operation and maintenance, removal of very little greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuel sources (IPCC, 2012).So, in order to reduce the effects of global warming, the world's energy system needs to shift from unsustainable to sustainable energy [6].

B. Exhaustion of fossil fuel sources
Fossil fuel sources are finite and humans consume a significant amount of them.Every year the world consumes a fossil fuel equivalent to 11 billion tons of oil.If we continue to consume at such a rate, crude oil will be exhausted by 2052, natural gas will be exhausted by 2060 and coal resources will be exhausted by 2088 [5].However, the rate of consumption of fossil fuels will increase as the world population grows, as well as rising living standards.As a result, fossil fuel sources will be depleted earlier if no alternative sources of energy are found.Even with the current rate of fossil fuel consumption, electricity only meets 4/5 of the world's population [3].Meanwhile, renewable energy sources are endless and can replenish and replace fossil fuels in the future.According to the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the world can be supplied with energy from 100% of renewable energy sources by 2050 [3].

C. Public health and environmental quality
Generating electricity from fossil fuels causes great harm to public health.The pollution of air and water from coal and gas-fired thermal power plants is linked to human health problems such as respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular and cancer.From the Vinh Tan, thermal power plant in Binh Thuan province in the past has seriously affected the health as well as the lives of the surrounding people as an example.Replacing fossil fuel sources with renewable energy will alleviate these problems.
Renewable sources such as wind, solar and hydropower do not cause air pollution.In that gas, geothermal and biomass energy produce a small number of air pollutants, but much less than the pollution caused by coal and gasfired plants.In addition, wind and solar energy operate without water and therefore do not pollute water sources or compete with agricultural water, drinking water or other essential water-related needs.In contrast, fossil energy sources have a significant impact on water resources.For example, mining or oil drilling, natural gas can contaminate drinking water.In addition, coal, gas and oil plants consume large amounts of water for cooling purposes during operation [2].As a result, water shortages for a living, agriculture, etc.

D. Employment opportunities
Compared to the mechanized and capital-intensive fossil fuel industries, the renewable energy industry uses more labor.That means more jobs will be generated from the renewable energy industry than the fossil fuel industry with the same unit of electricity produced.According to a report by the International Energy Agency (IRENA), the number of jobs related to RE has reached 6.5 million jobs in 2013 mainly in China, Brazil, USA, India, Germany, Spain [8].Jobs related to renewable energy include production, project development, turbine construction and installation, operation and maintenance, transportation and logistics, finance, legal and consulting services [9].In addition, exploration and development of renewable energy sources also promote the development of many related disciplines such as materials science and engineering.

E. Energy security issues
Energy security is vital to the development of a nation.The urgent need for all nations is to ensure energy supply by minimizing risks such as disruption or instability of special energy supply in the event of energy imports, conflicts in energy resources and price fluctuations.Consequently, states must take a new and innovative approach to energy security by diversifying energy sources including renewable energy sources.By doing so, countries can reduce their dependence on imported fossil fuels, create jobs and boost the country's economic development [1].

III. THE POTENTIAL FOR EXPLOITATION AND ACTUAL USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM
Vietnam is one of the countries in the monsoon tropics, so the potential for renewable energy sources.These sources of energy will meet the rapidly growing energy needs of the country now and in the future.Below, we will present some renewable energy sources that have been identified, very potential and being exploited in Vietnam [10].

A. Hydropower
Hydroelectricity is the source of electricity produced from water energy.Most of the hydroelectric power is derived from the potential energy of water stored in dams that spin the turbine and generate electricity.Water can be from a river or man-made, such as streams flowing from a lake overhead through pipes and out of a dam.Hydropower is a popular renewable energy source.It plays an important role in today's integrated electricity system (contributing more than 16% of total electricity production worldwide and about 85% of global renewable electricity).Moreover, hydropower helps to stabilize fluctuations between supply and demand.This role will become more important in the coming decades, as the share of renewable energy sourcesmainly wind and solar energy -will increase dramatically.The contribution of hydropower to carbon sequestration is twofold: providing clean renewable electricity and contributing electricity to the national grid.In addition, the hydropower pedal helps control water supplies, floods, and droughts, water for irrigation [10].However, hydropower development should also take into account waterway and recreational activities.These goals can cause conflicts at different times but are often complementary to one another.Fig. 2. Using renewable energy in Vietnam by 2015 [11] Based on the most recent assessment reports, over 1,000 sites have been identified that have the potential for small hydropower development, ranging in size from 100 kW to 30 MW with a total installed capacity of over 7,000 MW [12] and currently only exploits about 50% of potential.At present, 114 projects with a total capacity of 850 MW have been basically completed, 228 projects with a capacity of over 2600 MW are under construction and 700 projects Project is in the research phase.In addition, micro-hydro projects with a capacity of less than 100 kW are suitable for deep-lying and remote areas, where the terrain is difficult to self-subsist on small grids and households are also being reported waterfall [10].
The field of renewable energy development in Vietnam is small hydropower in the northern mountainous provinces, Central Vietnam, the Central Highlands, and the Southeast.However, the amount of electricity produced by the whole The country has only a modest amount of electricity, according to preliminary estimates, could develop over 4000 MW of small hydropower with an output of about 16 billion kWh.In addition, Vietnam has more than 1 million points that can develop micro-hydro (capacity from 200 W-100 kW).

B. Wind power
Land-based wind power is one of the renewable energy technologies being developed on a global scale.Wind turbines take kinetic energy from the movement of air (wind) and convert it into electricity through a rotor aerodynamic, which is connected through the transmission system to the generator.The standard turbine now has three rotors on a horizontal axis, with a synchronous or asynchronous generator connected to the grid.There are also two-bladed turbines and direct-drive (without gearboxes).
The turbine's electrical power is proportional to the area of the rotor so the larger and lesser rotor (on higher towers) uses wind energy more efficiently than many small machines.Maximum wind turbine capacity is 5-6 MW, with a rotor diameter of up to 126 meters.Commercial wind turbines typically have capacities ranging from 1.5 MW to 3 MW.
Since 2000, the installed capacity has increased by an average of 24% per annum.In 2012, about 45 GW of new wind capacity was installed in more than 50 countries, bringing the total offshore and onshore wind capacity to 282 GW.New investment in wind energy in 2012 is $ 76.6 billion.Among the largest clean-energy projects funded in 2012 were four offshore wind sites (216 MW to 400 MW) in the German, British and Belgian waters located in the North Sea, with an investment of 0.8 billion to 1.6 billion USD ($ 1.1 billion to $ 2.1 billion) [2].
Located in the sub-tropical monsoon region with a coastline of over 3,000 km, Vietnam has a fundamental advantage for developing wind energy.In the energy assessment program for Asia, the World Bank has a detailed survey of wind energy in Southeast Asia, in which Vietnam has the largest wind potential.There is no accurate estimate of wind energy potential, but preliminary estimates suggest that Vietnam's wind energy potential ranges between 1,700 MW and 9,000 MW [9].There are even reports of 513,360 MW [1], which is more than 200 times the capacity of Son La hydropower, which is 6 times higher than the industry's estimated capacity Electricity is expected to reach a peak in 2020, and will outweigh the potential of regional countries such as Thailand (152,392 MW), Laos (182,252 MW) and Cambodia (26,000 MW) [2].Thus, if compared with the potential of hydropower, the wind power of Vietnam is plentiful.We have started to implement some projects to exploit this energy source such as in Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Ninh Thuan, and some island districts cannot bring electricity from the mainland.However, at present we have only exploited about 50 MW [10], a very modest figure compared with the wind power potential of our country.

C. Solar energy
Solar energy is the process of converting sunlight into usable forms of energy.Solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, solar heating, and cooling are also made possible by solar technologies.
Solar Photovoltaic: The photovoltaic system is a system that directly converts solar energy into electricity.The basic building blocks of solar photovoltaic systems include solar photovoltaic cells, a semiconductor device used to convert solar energy into direct current.Solar photovoltaic cells are connected together to form PV modules, typically up to 50-200W.Solar photovoltaic modules are combined with other applications such as inverters, batteries, electrical components, and installation systems), forming a solar photovoltaic system.The modules can be linked together to supply power from a few W to hundreds of MW.Most solar photovoltaic technologies are silicon-based systems.Thinfilm modules may also include non-silicon-based semiconductor materials, which account for about 10% of the global market.Centralized solar photovoltaic (CPV Concentrating PV), in which sunlight is focused on a small area, began to be deployed in the market.Solar cell photovoltaic cells bring about a very high efficiency of up to 40% -but only for normal direct radiation.Other technologies such as solar photovoltaic cells are still in the research stage.Because solar photovoltaics generate electricity from sunlight, so the output is limited by the time it takes for the sun to shine.The IEA has emphasized, however, that the GIVAR (Unstable Renewable Energy Source) project offers a number of options (demandresponsive, flexible production, grid infrastructure, costeffective while addressing energy challenges.
Vietnam is considered a country with great potential for solar energy, especially in the central and southern regions of the country, with the total number of sunshine hours in the year ranged from 1,400 to 3,000 hours [13], the average solar radiation intensity is about 4-5 kWh / m2 / day increasing from the North to the South [14].Solar energy in Vietnam is available year-round, quite stable and widely distributed across different regions of the country.In particular, the average number of sunny days in the central and southern provinces is about 300 days per year.The potential for development is the same, but the exploitation and use of this energy source are limited to about 3 MW [12].
Fig. 4. Solar potential in Vietnam [12] Bioenergy is the energy derived from biomass conversion, in which biomass can be used directly as fuel or treated into liquids and gases.Biomass is a biodegradable organic substance derived from plants or animals.Biomass includes wood and agricultural crops, herbaceous and woody crops, urban organic wastes, as well as fertilizers.Bioenergy is the largest renewable energy source, providing 10% of the world's primary energy supply [9].It plays an important role in many developing countries, such as providing energy for cooking and heating, but it often causes health and environmental impacts.The development of clean fuels from biomass such as biofuels in developing countries is the main solution to improve the current situation and achieve the target of access to clean energy by 2030 [15].At present, Biotech accounts for about 10% (50 exajoule (EJ = 1018 joules)) of the world's major energy.Most of this is in developing countries used for cooking and heating.The use of biomass for rudimentary and inefficient stoves has a significant impact on health (smoke pollution) and the environment (deforestation).In the construction sector, modern bioenergy used to provide heat has reached about 5 EJs in 2012 [16].In addition, 8 EJs are used in industry, mainly for paper and pulp production as well.Food processing sector to provide heat for processing at medium and low temperatures.In 2012, total electricity produced from bioenergy is 370 TWh, equivalent to 1.5% of the world's total electricity output.Technologies for generating electricity and heat from biofuels have existed from heating systems for buildings to biogas digesters for electricity generation, biomass gasification plants and biomass great.Combined biomass in existing coal-fired power plants can also be an option to achieve short-term emission reductions and more sustainable use of existing assets [17].In addition, new bioenergy plants are playing an increasingly important role in meeting the demand for electricity and heat [14].
In the medium term, capacity and output of bioenergy are expected to increase significantly.Global bioenergy yield is expected to reach 560 TWh by 2018 (370 TWh in a 2012-an average increase of 7% per year), which is driven by renewable energy targets in other countries., as well as rising energy demand in some emerging economies with the availability of biomass and renewable resources [18].
The final bio-energy use for the average heating system could increase by 3% per year and reach 16 EJ by 2018 when bioenergy is used for OECD's heating system (adjusted by targets of the European Union up to 2020) and to a smaller extent in other markets.Bioenergy also plays an important role in meeting the long-term demand for heat and electricity.The IEA's Technology Roadmap for Bioenergy for Heat and Power, to achieve a significant reduction in emissions in the energy sector, Sustainable production of bioenergy is playing an increasingly important role in the future, with primary biomass demand triple by 2050.The roadmap shows that by 2050 biomass production worldwide will increase by nearly 10 times, reaching 3,000 TWh by 2050.In addition, the use of bioenergy to provide heat in the industrial sector increases rapidly, to 24 EJ by 2050, when biomass replaces coal in the high-temperature application.Particularly in the field of construction in non-OECD countries, traditional biomass will be reduced and replaced by more efficient and cleaner fuels [19].
Biofuels are fuels that exist in liquid form and are produced from biomass (organics derived from animals or plants) [20].Global biofuel production has steadily increased over the past decade from 16 billion liters in 2000 to about 110 billion liters in 2013.Today, biofuels provide about 3.5 percent of the total transport fuel.Roads around the globe.In Brazil, for example, biofuels now account for about 25% of the country's road transport fuel needs [16].
In the medium term, world production of biofuels is expected to reach nearly 140 billion liters in 2018 (on a revised basis, biofuels will provide 1.6 million barrels of oil per day (mboe/d)), slightly less than the 2011 European Union crude output.As a result, biofuels can meet 4% of global road transport fuel demand by 2018, but uncertainty over European Union and U.S. aid policies in the case Potential risks may undermine the development potential of the sector, although biofuels increase in some developing countries to reduce oil imports [21].
IEA analyzes indicate that biofuels could play an important role in the long run to meet the world's goal of reducing CO2 emissions.In view of the technological roadmap, biofuels will replace petroleum under heavy and long-haul modes such as aviation and shipping where there are few alternative low-carbon alternatives [22].Improved biofuels will play a particularly important role in the technology roadmap as they can provide low-carbon and compatible infrastructure.In addition, these fuels offer better utilization and better greenhouse gas balance than some of the biofuels used today [23].Some of the currently used biofuels have not met their greenhouse gas emissions targets and are cost-effective, and some conventional biofuels have been criticized for causing deforestation and increasing pressure on agricultural land needed for food and feed production [24].It is therefore important to distinguish between different types of materials and the conversion cycle to ensure efficient use of farmland, reduce carbon emissions, and meet growing energy needs.Fig. 5. Biomass-based fuel potential in Vietnam [9] As an agricultural country, Vietnam has great potential for biomass.The main types of biomass are firewood, crop residues, animal waste, municipal waste and other organic wastes from agricultural, forestry and marine products [25].The price of recent studies, the ability to exploit solid biomass energy for power and electricity generation in Vietnam can reach 150-170 million tons per year and reach a capacity of 2000 MW [26].Biomass is used in two main areas: heat production and power generation.For biomass production, biomass supplies more than 50% of the primary energy consumed for heat production in Vietnam.In rural areas, biomass is still the main source of fuel for cooking for more than 70% of the rural population [19].This is also a traditional source of fuel for many local factories such as food production, fine art, brick, porcelain, and ceramics [27].In addition, biomass resources are exploited in the form of biogas and biofuels.Currently, only about 150 MW of biomass is generated [28].
A source of energy has also been used, but is common in other areas or not used for renewable energy purposes, ie biomass in many forms: wood, by-products of the forestry sector such as sawdust, agricultural waste such as straw, manure ... Biomass energy potential including wood, wood, straw, agricultural by-products ... of Vietnam is about 43-46 million TOE (equivalent ton) per year, of which About 60% is fuel wood (26-27 million TOE) and 40% energy is straw, agricultural byproducts (17-19 million TOE) [29]- [41].

D. Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy can supply basic load from hightemperature hydrothermal sources; deep aquifers with medium to low temperatures.
Although the use of geothermal hot springs has been known since ancient times, geothermal exploration for industrial purposes began only in the early 19th century in Italy.In the late 19th century, the first hot water supply system was operating in the United States, followed by Iceland in the 1920s.At the beginning of the twentieth century, the use of geothermal energy for electricity production was achieved successes.Since then, the production of electricity from geothermal has increased steadily and reached over 75 TWh in 2013.Geothermal energy usually produces extra electricity, as it is not affected by weather or seasonal variations.Capacity factors for new geothermal power plants can reach 95%.In 2012, global geothermal capacity was 11.4 GW and produced about 72 TWh of electricity.Geothermal power supplies 25% of total electricity demand in Iceland, El Salvador (22%), Kenya and the Philippines (17% each), and Costa Rica (13%).For heating systems, the wider range of geothermal sources can be used for applications such as space and space heating, spa and warming of the pool, warming the greenhouse and soil, warming the lake aquaculture, drying in industrial processes and melting of snow [42].This is the source of energy in the heart of the earth.This energy is derived from the early formation of the planet, from the decaying activity of minerals, and from the absorption of solar energy at the surface of the earth.Although geothermal resources have not been and calculated.However, the latest survey and assessment data show that geothermal potential in Vietnam can be exploited to over 300 MW.Areas that can be effectively exploited are the Central [43][44].Currently, geothermal energy has not been exploited.In addition to the above mentioned renewable energy and energy sources, Vietnam has the potential for marine energy, such as tides.However, we need to continue to study to identify and evaluate the potential reserves of this kind.This energy.Thus, there are four types of renewable energy currently available in Vietnam to produce electricity.However, the situation of renewable energy is very small compared to the potential of about 3.4%.Meanwhile, according to Electricity Planning, the target is to increase the proportion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources to 4.5% and 6% by 2020 and 2030 [45]- [46].

E. Ocean energy
Currently, five ocean technologies are being developed to exploit ocean energy, including: Tidal power: Potential energy related to tides can be exploited by constructing dams or other constructions across the estuary.Tidal (sea) currents: kinetic energy combined with tidal currents (sea) can be exploited by using modular systems.
Wave energy: Kinetic and kinetic energy combined with ocean waves can be exploited by a variety of technologies being developed.Temperature gradient: the temperature gradient between the surface of seawater and deep water can be exploited by the use of different ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC).
Salt gradient: At the river mouth, where the interstitial between fresh and saltwater, the energy associated with the salt gradient can be exploited by using the "slow osmosis pressure" process and associated transformation technologies concerned.However, no ocean energy technology is widely deployed.Tidal dams rely on traditional technology, but only a few large-scale systems are operating in the world, particularly the 254 MW Sihwa (South Korea) dam that was put into operation in 2011 and the La Rance dam 240 MW in France, started producing electricity in 1966.Other smaller projects were put into service later in China, Canada and Russia [25].
Tidal energy and wave energy have been developed since the 1970s.Many designs are still being researched and developed in a number of countries, including Britain and Scotland.In addition, these efforts are also being made in New England, USA.United and Nova Scotia, Canada.Tidal projects vary widely because the process of producing electricity from wave energy depends on the state of the sea.Technological challenges are related to the efficient collection of energy from waves or tides, in particular, the need to survive and operate under difficult conditions.Other issues that need to be considered include impacts on marine life, marine environment and other marine benefit areas such as maritime transport, capture fisheries, etc.So far, OTEC concerns are limited to small-scale applications, although plans and design efforts are aimed at larger projects.Gradient salt technology is still in the stage of research, development, and testing.

IV. CONCLUSION
Fossil fuels are running out, and emissions from the use of these fuels negatively affect human health and are the main cause of climate change.Meanwhile, the potential of renewable energy sources is enormous and they are environmentally friendly and human.As a result, the gradual replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources is an indispensable trend for nations.Vietnam is one of the countries with great potential for renewable energy, however, due to many reasons leading to the research and development of this kind of energy is limited.In order to promote the development of renewable energy, the State should have appropriate support policies and at the same time, universities must have plans to train specialized engineers in this field.
By 2018, the development of renewable energy in Vietnam has undergone a process of nearly three decades with many ups and downs.This change depends on the concern of the state, Ministries in research, development, project implementation and financial support for renewable energy development.It is easy to see that only when the development of renewable energy has the attention and direction of the state through a policy system, a uniform program and adequate funding of the budget and International assistance in technology -technology and finance can then achieve certain results.With uninterrupted attention, synchronization and spontaneous implementation, the results achieved only modest.This shows that so far the contribution of renewable forms of energy in the national energy balance is negligible (as a percentage of renewable electricity in total electricity production).
Although there are many potential and diversified sources of renewable energy, it is necessary to have a substantial investment in Vietnam in order to exploit renewable energy sources in Vietnam and must place it in an important position to create the foundation for planning specific strategies, policies, plans, and routes.
Published on December 25, 2018.Van Huong Dong is with Ho Chi Minh city University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.