GIS Techniques Based Mapping of Effect Rainfall on GroundwaterLevel Depth in Huzur Tehsil , Bhopal District , Madhya Pradesh , India

Huzur Tehsil, District, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh has been become facing the problem of groundwater availability in recent times. Water is very important for the sustained use of natural resources and is vital for the existence of humans. Groundwater is used for a different variety of purposes, including irrigation, drinking, and manufacturing. Spatial variations in groundwater level in the area of Huzur, Tehsil, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal District, India, have been studied using geographic information system (GIS) technique. GIS, a tool that is used for storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data is also used for investigating groundwater level information.   The study of Huzur Tehsil, District Bhopal evaluates and analysis the groundwater level fluctuation using the annual rainfall data (Period 1996 to 2017), and groundwater level depth data (1996 to 2017).  We are observed and collected the 350 bore well in Huzur tehsil District Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Water level depth of the 350 observation wells between (Pre - Post monsoon and monsoon time) over the area indicates the net changes in the groundwater within the Huzur, Tehsil, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal District. Using a GIS spatial interpolation technique and generate the map.


I. INTRODUCTION
Groundwater refers to the water that occurs below the surface of the earth.It firstly started with rain and snowmelt that infiltrates into the ground.The amount of water that infiltrates into the ground differs widely from place to place due to different types of the land surface present.Groundwater is the purest form of water on the earth and found to be unlimited natural resources to the human at the cheapest cost.It always flows through the fractures of rock and pore spaces over a long distance in the aquifers and to be available to the vast number of people at their firm [1].Water below the land surface consists of two zonessaturated and the unsaturated zone.When rainfall occurs, a part of it infiltrates into the ground [7].Some amount of this infiltrated rain is held up by the upper layer of soil in its pore spaces.This layer is immediately below the land surface and contains both air and water and is known as the unsaturated zone.When all the soil pores are filled with water, then water seeps further down through the fractures in the rock.After a certain depth, all pores in the soil are filled with water; this part forms the saturated zone.The top of the saturated zone is known as the water table and water Published on August 31, 2019.Authors are with Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. in this zone is called the groundwater.Figure 1 shows the Groundwater ecosystem (Source: U.S Geological Survey [12, 13]).The growth in population, urbanization, and standards of living has resulted in increased demand for water [9].Groundwater has an important role in the environment: it replenishes streams, rivers, and wetlands and helps to support wildlife habitat; it is used as the primary source of drinking water and also in agricultural and industrial activities.Around the world, groundwater resources are under increasing pressure caused by the intensification of human activities and other factors such as growing population and very fast Urban Sprawl.Many states in India use the water right process to manage groundwater quantity and to ensure that over drafting does not occur.Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in rural India.It is estimated that approximately one-third of the world's population use groundwater for drinking purpose [11].In addition to rural households, public water supplies in various parts of the world depend on wells and groundwater.But due to increases the number of population that means urban sprawl increases and demand for water will be required more in urban areas.High Population in Urban Sprawl to uses the number of bores well every house holding in the urban area, due to Groundwater Level decline.2).And show the Observation well are plotted (Figure 3).

B. Climate and Rainfall Information
The average normal annual rainfall of the area is 1121.The main aim of this research to analyze the rainfall effect on groundwater level in Huzur Tehsil, District Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, because of water demand is increasing rapidly due to increases in population growth and socioeconomic development in the earth.This encourages the study of the current research at the groundwater level so as the finding will provide some information to the government for the water level behavioral in the study area, and provided the management and for predicting the future climatic event as well as groundwater level to avoid a decline or shortage of it.

III. DATA COLLECTION
The well observation data was plotted on to the base map by using location (latitude & longitude) of each well.In total 350 observation wells were selected for further processing of the data for spatial Pattern of Groundwater Level analysis.Applying the GIS Techniques and maps were prepared with the help of Kriging spatial interpolation technique in Arc GIS tools and interpreted using standard methods [4,8].In this paper, Kriging technique was used for spatial distribution of Groundwater level depth (mbgl) five year intervals (1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006

IV. RESULTS AND TREND ANALYSIS
The annual rainfall (mm) variations of Huzur Tehsil Bhopal Districts, Madhya Pradesh of the study area from 1996 to 2017 are shown in (Table 5).The maximum rainfall was found throughout June to September during the rainy season of the area.The minimum rainfall was observed from March to May and sometimes very little or none in some months between.As shown the monthly rainfall variations at Huzur Tehsil, District Bhopal from (1996 -2000, 2001-2005, 2006-         Above the range is analysis to find out the at the rainy seasonal time all bore well are healthy condition and postmonsoon time moderate conation.But Pre-Monsoon time numbers of bore well are declinations that mean ground water levels are decline.Due to more open bore well in area and utilization of water is much more due to increasing urban sprawl.

A. Trend Analysis
The long trend of analysis of post-monsoon and premonsoon water level data for the period 1996-2017 indicates that, in general, the declining trend in water levels has been registered in most parts of Huzur Tehsil, District Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.The declining trend ranges from postmonsoon Period 1996-2017 lies between 9.5 (mbgl) to 17.33 (mbgl) (Figure 21).And pre-monsoon declining trend ranges Periods 1996-2017 lies between the 13.71 (mbgl) to 37.96(mbgl) (Figure 22).V. CONCLUSIONS Above the analysis of three seasonal monsoon studies (monsoon, post-monsoon, pre-monsoon) in Huzur Tehsil, these find out the pre-monsoon time water level is downfall that means groundwater level is a decline in more area and don't get suitable water are in bore well in that area.GIS technology can be used to analysis and monitoring of groundwater level condition of bore well map on the area.Above the study of trend analysis, the results show that most of Huzur Tehsil are facing the problem of declining groundwater level in the recent past, after the year 2011 due to low annual rainfall (mm) in Huzur Tehsil.Since the Period of 2011-2017, the number of a bore well in Huzur Tehsil in pre-monsoon time decline in more places and groundwater level is decline more.The result of this entails that the groundwater level fluctuations in Huzur Tehsil

Fig. 1 .
Fig. 1.A picture showing groundwater in the ecosystem 8 mm in Huzur Tehsil, District Bhopal.The climate of the study area can be classified mainly into three seasons: Winter season starting from the middle of November to the end of February; March to May constitutes the summer season whereas the monsoon season starts from the second week of June to the end of September.Summers start in late April and go on till mid-June, the average temperature is around 30 °C (86 °F), with the peak of summer in May, when the highs regularly exceed 40 °C (104 °F).IMD normal annual rainfall of Bhopal city is 1121.8mm.The average temperature is approximate 25 °C (77 °F) and the humidity is quite high.The daily normal temperature of Bhopal in May -40.70 C and minimum -26.40 C. The study area belongs to one of the urban patch situated centrally of Bhopal City of Madhya Pradesh.It lies between North Latitude 23° 05' to 23° 54' N, East Longitude 77° 10' to 77° 40' E. Huzur Tahsil ,Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)The study area belongs to one of the urban patch situated centrally of Bhopal City of Madhya Pradesh.It lies within Latitude: 23°07 to 23°54 N, Longitude: 77°12 to 77°40 E.
State, but it remained the part of Sehore district.In the year 1972 Bhopal became the new district under the Bhopal commissioner's division.The Bhopal urban area is about 296 sq km.The Bhopal city is the district as well as state headquarter.Show the Location of Huzur Tehsil District Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (Figure Pradesh

TABLE II :
FIVE-YEAR AVERAGE GROUNDWATER LEVEL 5 SAMPLES OF ROWS FROM BORE WELL POINT OF HUZUR TEHSIL,DISTRICT (2001DISTRICT ( -2006)  )

TABLE III :
FIVE-YEAR AVERAGE GROUNDWATER LEVEL 5 SAMPLES OF ROWS FROM BORE WELL POINT OF HUZUR TEHSIL,DISTRICT (2006DISTRICT ( -2010)  )

TABLE VI :
THE RANGE LIES BETWEEN SEASONAL MONSOON GROUNDWATER LEVEL AVERAGE DEPTHS OF HUZUR TEHSIL Seasonal